安全库存策略

Reordering rules are used to keep forecasted stock levels above a certain threshold without exceeding a specified upper limit. This is accomplished by specifying a minimum quantity that stock should not fall below and a maximum quantity that stock should not exceed.

重订货规则可以基于使用重订货规则的产品所使用的路线进行配置。如果产品使用 Buy 路线，那么当触发重订货规则时，将创建一个 请求报价 (RFQ)。如果产品使用 Manufacture 路线，那么将创建一个 生产订单 (MO)，无论所选择的重订货路线如何。

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要第一次设置重订货规则，请参阅：

要了解并优化使用高级功能的重订货，请参阅：

重订货规则设置

要配置自动和手动重订货规则，请完成以下步骤：

  1. 产品类型配置

  2. 重订货方式

  3. 创建规则

产品类型配置

要使用重订货规则，产品必须正确配置。首先，导航至 库存 ‣ 产品 ‣ 产品，然后选择一个现有的产品，或者通过点击 新建 来创建一个新的产品。

在产品表单中，在 常规信息 标签下，将 产品类型 设置为 商品 ，并确保 跟踪库存 复选框被勾选。这是为了Odoo 能够追踪产品的库存水平并触发重订货规则。

产品类型和跟踪库存的配置。

重订货方式

下一步，配置重订货方式（例如购买或制造）。

如果产品被购买，请安装 采购 应用，并确认产品名称下的 采购 复选框已启用。在 采购 标签下，添加至少一个供应商到 供应商价格表 。Odoo 使用供应商列表中的 顶部供应商来生成 RFQs 当重订货规则被触发。

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供应商价格表

如果产品被制造，请 安装 制造 应用。

下一步，确保产品表单顶部的 物料清单 智能按钮中至少有一个 物料清单 (BoM)。这是由于Odoo仅为具有 BoM 的产品创建制造订单(MO)。

如果产品没有 BoM ，请单击 物料清单 智能按钮，然后单击 新建 来配置一个新的 BoM 。

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配置 BoM

创建重订货规则

要创建新的重订货规则，请导航至 库存应用程序 ‣ 操作 ‣ 补货 ，然后点击 新建 ，并为新的重订货规则行项目填写以下字段：

  • Product: The product that is replenished by the rule.

  • 区位: 产品存储的位置。

  • 最小数量: 在不触发规则的情况下可预测的最小数量。当预测库存低于此数量时，将创建该产品的补货订单。

  • 最大数量: 补充库存的最大数量。

创建新的补货规则的表单。

创建新的补货规则的表单。

Tip

Reordering rules can also be created from the Reordering Rules smart button on the product form.

Note

To learn how the On Hand, Forecast, and To Order fields are calculated using on-hand quantities and future demand, see Just in time logic

For advanced usage, learn about the following reordering rule fields:

Note

The fields above are not available by default, and must be enabled by selecting the (adjust settings) icon in the far-right corner and selecting the desired column from the drop-down menu.

0/0/1 重订货规则

0/0/1 重订货规则是一种特殊规则，用于在每次确认销售订单（SO）时，补充没有库存的产品。

Important

0/0/1 重订货规则与*重新排序（MTO）* 路线类似，因为这两个工作流程都用于在确认 SO 后补充产品。

这两种方法的主要区别在于，*按订单补货*途径会自动将产品保留给导致其被补货的|SO|。这意味着该产品**不能**用于不同的 SO。

0/0/1 重订货规则则没有这种限制。使用该规则补充的产品不会被保留给任何特定的 SO ，可以根据需要使用。

另一个主要区别是，通过*按订单补货*路线创建的补货订单，会通过订单顶部的智能按钮与原始 SO 相链接。而使用 0/0/1 重订货规则时，会创建补货订单，但不会链接到原始 SO。

请参阅 按订单补货（MTO） 文档，了解 MTO 路线的完整概述。

要创建 0/0/1 重订货规则，请导航至 库存应用程序 ‣ 产品 ‣ 产品 ，然后选择一个产品。

在产品页面顶部，点击 重订货规则`智能按钮，打开产品的 :guilabel:`重订货规则 页面。在生成的页面上，点击 新建 开始配置新的重订货规则。

在新重订货规则的 区位 字段中，选择应存储补充产品的位置。默认情况下，该位置设置为 WH/Stock 。

在 路线 字段中，选择规则用于补充项目的路线。例如，如果要从供应商处购买产品，请选择 购买 路线。

In the Min field and Max field, leave the values set to 0.00. In the To Order field, enter a value of 1.00.

0/0/1 重订货规则。

With the reordering rule configured using these values, each time an SO causes the forecasted quantity of the product to fall below the Min of 0.00, the selected Route is used to replenish the product in one-unit increments, back up to the Max of 0.00.

Example

An item is configured with a 0/0/1 reordering rule that uses the Buy route. Zero units are kept on-hand at any given time.

A SO is confirmed for one unit, which causes the forecasted quantity to drop to -1.00. This triggers the reordering rule, which automatically creates a PO for one unit.

Once the product is received from the vendor, the forecasted quantity returns to 0.00. There is now one unit on-hand, but it is not reserved for the SO which triggered its purchase. It can be used to fulfill that SO, or reserved for a different order.

Multiple

The Multiple field on the replenishment report (Inventory app ‣ Operations ‣ Replenishment) defines the unit used when replenishing a product. Odoo rounds the ordered quantity up to the nearest multiple that meets or slightly exceeds the Max quantity set on the reordering rule. If no multiples apply, select Units.

Example

A vendor sells soda only in cases of six cans, but your company tracks quantities per can. Setting the Multiple to 6 ensures soda is ordered in multiples of six (6, 12, 18…).

For a reordering rule with the Min = 10 and Max = 40:

  • If the forecasted quantity is 10, the amount To Order is 30, a multiple of six that will bring the On Hand quantity to exactly the maximum.

  • If the forecasted quantity is 8, the quantity needed to reach the max is 32. But 32 is not a multiple of six, so Odoo rounds the To Order quantity up to 36. This will cause the On Hand quantity to slightly exceed the maximum.

Reordering rule with the Multiple set to 6.

Note

If the maximum is exceeded, expect to see a warning indicating the possibility of excessive stock.

配置

Multiples are based on defined packagings. Only packaging types listed on the product’s vendor pricelist appear as options in the Multiple field when configuring reordering rules.

触发器

A reordering rule’s trigger can be set to automatic or manual. While both function the same way, the difference between the two types of reordering rules is how the rule is launched:

  • Auto: A purchase or manufacturing order is automatically created when the forecasted stock falls below the reordering rule’s minimum quantity. By default, the Auto trigger is selected.

  • Manual: The Replenishment report lists products needing replenishment, showing current/forecasted stock, lead times, and arrival dates. Users can review forecasts before clicking Order.

To enable the Trigger field, go to Inventory app ‣ Operations ‣ Replenishment. Then, click the (adjust settings) icon, located to the far-right of the column titles, and tick the Trigger checkbox.

在 触发器 列中，选择 自动 或 手动 。请参阅以下章节，了解不同类型的重订货规则。

自动

Automatic reordering rules, enabled by setting the reordering rule’s Trigger field to Auto, generate purchase or manufacturing orders when either:

  1. The scheduler runs, and the Forecasted quantity is below the minimum, or

  2. A SO is confirmed, and lowers the Forecasted quantity of the product below the minimum.

If the Buy route is selected, then an RFQ is generated. To view and manage RFQs, navigate to Purchase app ‣ Orders ‣ Requests for Quotation.

If the Manufacture route is selected, then an MO is generated. To view and manage MOs, navigate to Manufacturing app ‣ Operations ‣ Manufacturing Orders.

未选择路线时，Odoo 将选择产品表单的 库存 选项卡中指定的 路线 。

Tip

默认情况下，调度程序每天运行一次。

要在调度程序运行前手动触发重订货规则，请确保已启用 开发者模式 ，并选择 库存应用程序 ‣ 操作 ‣ 运行调度程序 。然后，在弹出的窗口中点击紫色的 运行调度程序 按钮。

请注意，这也会触发任何其他计划的操作。

Example

产品 办公台灯 设置了自动重订货规则，当预测数量低于 最小数量 5.00 时触发。由于当前 预测 是 55.00 ，重订货规则**未**被触发。

从重订货规则页面显示自动重订货规则。

手动

Manual reordering rules, configured by setting the reordering rule’s Trigger field to Manual, list a product on the replenishment dashboard when the forecasted quantity falls below a specified minimum. Products on this dashboard are called needs, because they are needed to fulfill upcoming SOs, for which the forecasted quantity is not enough.

The replenishment dashboard, accessible by navigating to Inventory app ‣ Operations ‣ Replenishment, considers order deadlines, forecasted stock levels, and lead times. It displays needs only when it is time to reorder items, thanks to the To Reorder filter.

When a product appears on the replenishment dashboard, clicking the Order button generates the purchase or manufacturing order with the specified amounts To Order.

Click the Order button on the replenishment dashboard to replenish stock.

路线

Odoo allows for multiple routes to be selected as replenishment methods under the Inventory tab on each product form. For instance, it is possible to select both Buy and Manufacture, indicating to Odoo that the product can be bought or manufactured.

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Set route on product form

Odoo also enables users to set a preferred route for a product’s reordering rule. This is the replenishment method (e.g., buying or manufacturing) that the rule defaults to, if multiple are available.

To specify a preferred route, begin by navigating to Inventory app ‣ Operations ‣ Replenishment.

By default, the Route column is hidden. To reveal it, select the (adjust settings) icon to the far-right of the column titles, and ticking Route from the drop-down menu that appears.

点击补货规则行的列内，将会弹出一个下拉菜单，显示所有可用的路由选项。选择一条即可将其设置为首选路由。

从中选择一个以设置其为优先高级路线。

Important

If multiple routes are enabled for a product but no preferred route is set for its reordering rule, the product is reordered using the Buy route, then Manufacture.

Advanced uses

Pairing Route with one of the following fields on the replenishment report unlocks advanced configurations of reordering rules. Consider the following:

  • Vendor: When the selected Route is Buy, setting the Vendor field to one of the multiple vendors on the vendor pricelist indicates to Odoo that the vendor is automatically populated on RFQs when a reordering rule triggers the creation of a purchase order.

  • Bill of Materials: When the Route is set to Manufacture, and there are multiple BoMs in use, specifying the desired BoM in the replenishment report, draft manufacturing orders are created with this BoM in use.

  • Procurement Group: This is a way to group related POs or MOs that are tied to fulfilling a specific demand, like an SO or a project. It helps organize and track which orders are linked to a particular demand.

    Note

    Procurement groups link replenishment methods to demand, making smart buttons to appear — similar to how smart buttons appear when using the MTO route.

    Showing smart button to PO.

    Sales order (demand) with a smart button linking to the related purchase order (replenishment method).

    In the context of reordering rules:

    • Reordering rules do not automatically assign a procurement group, which is why there are no smart buttons that link SOs to POs, unlike the MTO route.

    • To enable smart buttons for products replenished by reordering rules (not MTO), with specific quantities linked to specific demands (e.g. SOs), assign a procurement group.

    • Without a procurement group, demands for the same product can be combined into a single RFQ, even if the reordering rule is executed multiple times for those demands. This allows for more efficient procurement by consolidating demands into fewer orders.

    Selecting a procurement group in the Procurement Group field on the replenishment report ensures that all linked orders are grouped under the same demand, based on the defined route.

    Exercise

    How can you set the Procurement Group, Vendor, and Route fields on the replenishment report to generate a single RFQ for five different products in sales order SO35, given they share the same vendor, Azure Interior, and ensure other demands for these products are handled separately?

    1. Set the Procurement Group to SO35, in the reordering rule for all five products. This groups the demands for SO35 in the same RFQ or MO.

    2. Set the Vendor to Azure Interior to ensure the RFQ is created for the same supplier.

    3. Set the Route to Buy to generate an RFQ.

    4. Click the Order button to generate a single RFQ for the five products tied to SO35.

    After placing the order, remove SO35 from the Procurement Group field of the five products’ reordering rules. This ensures future demands for these products are managed separately and assigned to different RFQs (the usual behavior).

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Just-in-time logic

Horizon days

Horizon days allow users to extend the time window between today’s date and the forecasted date when calculating for the forecasted quantity. This features allows users to plan and restock inventory proactively, rather than following a just-in-time approach. The feature is meant to help users plan replenishment in advance by increasing the forecasted date.

\[\text{Forecasted date} = \text{Current date} + \text{Vendor Lead Time} + \text{Horizon Days}\]

Since horizon days are only meant to be used with manual reordering rules, find details about the feature in the Replenishment report article.

Note

Horizon days are configured on a company level.

The default horizon days setting can be set or updated by navigating to the Inventory app ‣ Advanced Scheduling. Enter the desired number of days in the Replenishment Horizon field, and click Save.

The Replenishment Horizon setting in the Inventory app.

Example of how horizon days affect replenishment planning

On the Replenishment report, there are currently two products listed due for reordering: Drawer, Black and Corner Desk. This is based on their current level of on-hand stock, and their forecasted stock level. The default horizon days is set as 20.

Replenishment report with horizon days set at 20.

However, by extending the horizon days to 30, an additional product is added to the list.

Replenishment report with horizon days set at 30.

This is because the additional product, [FURN_0789] Individual Workplace, has a delivery scheduled in twenty-nine days, at which point their on-hand stock levels will fall below the minimum needed on-hand.